FL

Everglades National Park

A 1.5-million-acre river of grass at the bottom of Florida, the first national park set aside for a living system, not a view.

Established

We haven’t been to the Everglades yet. This page is the homework we’re doing before we drive in: which boardwalks earn the stop, how to plan a day around the heat and the mosquitoes, and the distances that catch families off guard. The structured sections below are the plan. We’ll come back and rewrite the top once we’ve actually stood at the rail watching an anhinga dry its wings.

The park reads flat and wet rather than tall, so the headline walks are short accessible boardwalks instead of climbs, which suits short legs. The Anhinga Trail at Royal Palm is the one we’ll do first and probably twice: under a mile, paved and boarded, with alligators and wading birds close enough that Little won’t need the binoculars and Big will use them anyway. The land here is the present homeland of the Seminole Tribe of Florida and the Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida, who were never removed from this country during the Seminole Wars. The Miccosukee govern reservation land along the Tamiami Trail that bisects the park. NPS also documents the Calusa and Tequesta who held this coast before European contact.

Two things shape the whole trip. The first is the calendar. The dry season, December through April, is the family window: temperatures in the 60s and 70s, low humidity, bird migration at its peak. The wet-season mosquitoes from May to November are not a thing people exaggerate, so we’re planning a winter visit and reserving the slough slog and any Flamingo lodging months out. The second is distance and water. Flamingo, on Florida Bay, is 38 miles and about an hour from the main entrance, there’s no reliable drinking water past Royal Palm, and the airboats you see advertised run outside the park, not in it. So the jugs get filled and the tank gets topped off before we turn in, and the day gets built around how far south we’re willing to drive.

I

Basic info

Established
1947
Area
1,508,976 acres
Visitors (2024)
741,983
Elevation
0–8 ft
Designation
National Park (1947)
Designation
International Biosphere Reserve (1976)

II

Logistics

Seasons

Spring

  • The end of the dry season and the back half of the family window. Wildlife concentrates at the shrinking water as the marsh dries down.
  • 70s to 90s °F. Humidity and mosquitoes climb sharply through April into May.
  • March is still comfortable; by May the bugs and heat take over. Walk the Anhinga Trail early and plan the day around shade.

Summer

  • Wet season. Daily afternoon thunderstorms, severe mosquitoes, and partial trail closures from flooding. Fewest visitors of the year.
  • 90s °F with high humidity. Tropical sun is more intense than the temperature reads.
  • The hard season for a family. If you go, carry DEET, long sleeves, and a head net, and avoid dawn and dusk on the trails.

Fall

  • Hot and wet through October, with the peak of hurricane season in September. Conditions ease in November.
  • 80s to 90s °F into October, cooling in November as humidity drops.
  • November is the turn. Watch the tropical forecast in September and October; the Gulf Coast side closes for storms.

Winter

  • Peak season and the prime family window. Bird migration peaks and the dry-down draws wildlife to the open water.
  • 60s to 70s °F, low humidity, minimal mosquitoes.
  • December through April is the time to come with kids. Reserve Flamingo lodging and the slough slog early; they fill months out.

With kids

Everglades is a flat, water-level park where the headline experiences are short accessible boardwalks rather than climbs, which suits short legs. The Anhinga Trail at Royal Palm is the single best kid walk in the park: under a mile, paved and boarded, with near-guaranteed alligators and wading birds in the cool morning. The distances inside the park are the planning catch: Flamingo is 38 miles and about an hour from the main entrance, and there is no reliable drinking water past Royal Palm. Come December through April. The summer mosquitoes are not exaggerated.

  • Free Junior Ranger booklets are at every visitor center, with a standard track and a Wilderness Explorer track for older kids.
  • The Anhinga Trail (0.8 mi, paved and boardwalk) is the easiest near-guaranteed wildlife on offer; walk it before 10 a.m.
  • The slough slog, a ranger-led wade into a cypress dome, is the peak hands-in-the-water experience; NPS requires participants to be 12 years of age or older.
  • Carry water everywhere: there is no reliable potable water past Royal Palm. Bring a gallon per person per day in the backcountry.
  • No swimming in fresh water (alligators and bacteria), and the wading birds reward binoculars over a phone camera.

Accessibility

The marquee stops here are flat boardwalks and paved loops, so Everglades is one of the more wheelchair- and stroller-friendly parks in the system. The Anhinga Trail, the Pa-hay-okee boardwalk, and Eco Pond at Flamingo are all level and short. The Shark Valley observation tower is reached by a paved tram road, and its spiral ramp climbs without stairs. The long driving distances, not the trail grades, are the real access constraint.

  • Anhinga Trail at Royal Palm: paved and boardwalk, wheelchair- and stroller-accessible, the most wildlife per level step in the park.
  • Pa-hay-okee Overlook: a short accessible boardwalk loop onto the open sawgrass off the main park road.
  • Shark Valley observation tower: the spiral concrete ramp climbs to the platform without stairs; reach it by tram, bike, or foot on the paved loop.
  • Eco Pond at Flamingo: a short, flat, accessible pond loop, good for wading birds at the end of a long drive south.

Things you can't miss

Natural places

  1. Anhinga Trail at Royal Palm

    Royal Palm, about 4 miles inside the main entrance off the park road.

    The highest-density alligator and wading-bird viewing in the park, on a 0.8-mile paved and boardwalk loop that a stroller can manage. The base dossier calls it the single best kid walk in Everglades. The trail and the bird share a name: the anhinga dries its spread wings on the rails because, unlike a duck, its feathers are not waterproof. Walk it before 10 a.m. while the air is cool and the herons work the slough.

  2. Shark Valley

    Shark Valley entrance on US 41 (Tamiami Trail), a separate entrance from the main Homestead road.

    A 15-mile paved loop into the open sawgrass with a 65-foot observation tower roughly halfway around. No private cars run the loop: a family rides the ranger-narrated concession tram, rents bikes, or walks. The tower's spiral ramp climbs without stairs to a horizon-to-horizon view of the river of grass. Alligators sun on the road shoulder close enough that the rangers spend the day reminding people to keep their distance. Reached from the Tamiami Trail (US 41), the corridor where the Miccosukee Tribe governs reservation land.

  3. Pa-hay-okee Overlook

    Off the main park road, about 13 miles past the main entrance toward Flamingo.

    The view that names the whole place. A short boardwalk loop (about 0.2 mile) onto the open sawgrass prairie, where a sheet of fresh water inches deep moves south across the limestone with hardwood tree islands floating in it. "Pa-hay-okee" comes from a Native term for this grassy water, which Marjory Stoneman Douglas rendered in English as the river of grass. It is the clearest one-stop lesson in why the Everglades is a river and not a swamp, and the boardwalk is flat, fast, and accessible.

  4. Mahogany Hammock

    Off the main park road, about 20 miles past the main entrance toward Flamingo.

    A boardwalk loop (about 0.5 mile) through a tropical hardwood hammock, a tree island that sits a few inches higher than the marsh and so stays dry. The air drops several degrees under the canopy, and the boardwalk crosses the gator slough that rings the hammock like a moat. NPS records the largest living mahogany tree in the United States here. Tree islands like this one were dry-season camps for Native peoples for generations. It pairs well with Pa-hay-okee on the same drive south.

  5. Florida Bay from Flamingo

    Florida Bay shore at Flamingo, the southern terminus, 38 miles from the main entrance.

    The shallow estuary between the mainland and the Florida Keys, reached at the end of the 38-mile road to Flamingo. It is one of the few places in the world where the American crocodile and the American alligator share habitat, and manatees move through the marina basin in the cool months. Salinity here is the front line of the restoration story: how much fresh water reaches the bay decides what lives in it. Calusa shell mounds and Tequesta coastal sites lie along this margin.

Nearby attractions

  1. Nike Missile Site HM-69

    0 mi from park · Inside the park near the main road, off the route between the entrance and Royal Palm; seasonal ranger-led tours only.

    A Cold War Nike Hercules anti-aircraft missile base built after the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis, sitting inside the park near the main road and listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The missile assembly building and a training missile are still on site. Ranger-led tours run seasonally, typically December through March; confirm the current schedule on the NPS page before you count on it. It is the layer of the park's story that has nothing to do with birds.

  2. Ten Thousand Islands (Gulf Coast)

    0 mi from park · Gulf Coast Visitor Center, Everglades City, roughly a 2-hour drive from the main Homestead entrance.

    A maze of mangrove islands on the park's Gulf side, reached from the Gulf Coast Visitor Center at Everglades City, the spot where Truman dedicated the park in 1947. Access is by boat or kayak only, with concession boat tours and rentals from the visitor center, which still operates from a temporary structure after Hurricane Irma in 2017. The shell mounds out here are Calusa-built. It is roughly a two-hour drive from the Homestead entrance, so it is a separate day, not a side trip.

Places to stay

  1. Flamingo Campground and Lodge

    Lodge · Recreation.gov (campground) and Flamingo Adventures (lodge); reserve months ahead for the Dec-Apr dry season.

    The park's southern terminus, 38 miles and about an hour past the main entrance on Florida Bay. There is a drive-up campground reservable on Recreation.gov, a marina, a visitor center, and the rebuilt Flamingo Lodge, which reopened in 2024 after Hurricane Irma. The limited rooms fill months out, so reserve early. From here the bay, Eco Pond, and the Florida Bay wildlife are at the doorstep instead of an hour's drive away.

  2. Long Pine Key Campground

    Campground · Confirm current status on the NPS page; it has shifted between first-come and reserved by season.

    A campground in the pine rockland a few miles inside the main entrance, on the way to Royal Palm and the Anhinga Trail. It puts a family closer to the Homestead-side highlights than Flamingo and makes a quieter base than the southern marina. The reservation status has shifted in recent seasons between first-come and reserved, so confirm the current model on the NPS page before you plan around it.

Viewpoints and camping

  1. Eco Pond at Flamingo

    Near the Flamingo developed area, end of the main park road.

    A short, flat freshwater-pond loop near the Flamingo developed area, and the right last stop after the long drive south. Late afternoon and sunset bring herons, egrets, and roseate spoonbills in to feed, close enough to read without a scope. The loop is accessible and short enough to do at the end of a full day without anyone melting down in the parking lot.

  2. Shark Valley Observation Tower

    Midpoint of the 15-mile Shark Valley loop, off US 41 (Tamiami Trail).

    The 65-foot tower at the midpoint of the Shark Valley loop, reached by tram, bike, or foot along the paved tram road. A spiral concrete ramp climbs without stairs to a platform that looks over the sawgrass river in every direction, the widest single view in the park. The ramp is wheelchair-accessible; the catch is the 7.5 miles of flat paved road between the trailhead and the tower, which is why most families take the tram out and look hard on the way.

Our pick for trails worth the time

  1. Anhinga Trail

    0.8 mi · 0 ft gain · ~1 hr · easy

    The trail listing for the best kid hike in the park: a 0.8-mile loop, paved and boarded, with negligible elevation and near-guaranteed alligators, anhingas, herons, and turtles in the dry-season early morning. Plan 45 to 90 minutes once the wildlife stops start. The namesake bird perches on the railings to dry its wings, which makes the trail the rare hike where the animals come to the boardwalk rather than the other way around.

Our pick for things to do nearby

  1. Slough slog (ranger-led wet walk)

    Ranger-led program; check the NPS calendar for the meeting point and season.

    A ranger-led wade into a cypress dome through knee- to thigh-deep water, the peak hands-in-the-water experience in the park and the closest a kid gets to standing inside the living machinery of the marsh. Bring old sneakers and clothes you do not mind soaking. NPS requires participants to be 12 years of age or older. It is a dry-season program, so reserve and confirm on the NPS slough slog page. The cypress strands it leads into were dry-season travel country for Native peoples.

Common questions

When should we go with kids?
December through April, the dry season. Temperatures sit in the 60s and 70s °F, humidity is low, mosquitoes are minimal, and bird migration peaks. Avoid May through November: the wet-season mosquitoes are debilitating, the heat and humidity are high, and afternoon thunderstorms and flooding close trails.
Do the alligator and airboat tours run inside the park?
No. The National Park Service prohibits airboats inside Everglades National Park. The airboat concessions you see advertised operate on the Tamiami Trail (US 41) north of the boundary and at Big Cypress, not in the park itself. Inside the park, the wildlife viewing is on foot along boardwalks like the Anhinga Trail and from the Shark Valley tram.
How far is Flamingo, and what's out there?
Flamingo is 38 miles and about an hour past the main entrance at the park's southern terminus on Florida Bay. It has a marina, a visitor center, a drive-up campground, and the rebuilt Flamingo Lodge that reopened in 2024. Allow an hour each way plus stops, and gas up before you go: there is no reliable drinking water past Royal Palm.
Where do we get water, food, and cell service?
Carry your own water; there is no reliable potable water past Royal Palm. The only food deep inside the park is the Flamingo marina concession, whose hours shift by season after the post-Irma rebuild; otherwise the gateway towns of Homestead and Florida City (east) and Everglades City (west) have groceries and restaurants. Cell coverage is poor to nonexistent past Royal Palm, so download maps before you drive in.
Is there a timed-entry reservation?
No. As of 2026 the park has no timed-entry or reservation system for entry. Backcountry camping and the Wilderness Waterway do require permits (on Recreation.gov), and Flamingo lodging and camping should be reserved months ahead for the dry season.
Why are there fewer mammals than we expected?
Burmese pythons, established in the wild from 1990s pet releases, have sharply reduced raccoons, opossums, rabbits, and other mid-sized mammals across the southern park. Florida runs an annual python removal program. You will still see alligators, wading birds, and, near Florida Bay, the American crocodile and manatees in the cool months.

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History

Who shaped this place

Indigenous nations

  • Seminole Tribe of Florida — A present, governing tribe whose people were never removed from this country during the Seminole Wars. The Seminole speak Mikasuki and Creek (Muscogee); the tribe's own history pages describe figures such as Abiaka as belonging to the Mikasuki tribe.
  • Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida — A present, governing tribe that holds reservation land along the Tamiami Trail (US 41), the corridor that bisects the park. The Miccosukee speak Mikasuki.
  • Calusa — The dominant power of southwest Florida before European contact, who built the shell mounds in the Ten Thousand Islands. The Calusa were largely extinguished by the 18th century through European disease and forced removal.
  • Tequesta — The people of the Biscayne and southeastern Everglades coast before European contact, documented by NPS alongside the Calusa.

Advocates

  • Ernest F. Coe — Landscape architect; founder of the park campaign, 1928

    Relocated to Miami in 1923, was appalled by the draining of the marsh and the poaching of orchids and plume birds, and organized the Tropical Everglades National Park Association in 1928. He lobbied Congress relentlessly through the 1930s and is often called the father of Everglades National Park; the main visitor center bears his name.

  • Marjory Stoneman Douglas — Journalist and author, River of Grass, 1947

    Her 1947 book The Everglades: River of Grass reframed the marsh from useless swamp to a living river and gave the restoration movement its language. In 1969, at age 79, she founded Friends of the Everglades to fight the Big Cypress jetport. The park's wilderness, about 86 percent of its acreage, is named for her.

  • Harry S. Truman — President; dedicated the park, 1947

    Dedicated Everglades National Park at Everglades City on December 6, 1947. His dedication speech is one of the earliest presidential statements of an ecological-restoration ethic, valuing the marsh as a living system rather than for scenery or resources.

  • Spessard Holland — U.S. Senator (FL); boundary negotiator

    Negotiated the boundary compromise that excluded large agricultural and oil tracts in order to clear the final congressional path to establishment in 1947.

Detractors

  • Oil and gas interests — Pre-1947

    Holders of pre-World War II drilling leases in the Big Cypress region; the park boundary was drawn to exclude proven and suspected petroleum reservoirs in order to win their acquiescence.

  • Agricultural drainage interests — Early 20th century onward

    Sugar and vegetable growers, organized through the Everglades Drainage District, had been cutting canals north of the park since 1907 to convert the marsh to farmland, the very engineering the restoration plan now works to reverse.

  • Local landowners and developers — Mid-20th century

    Landowners and developers in Miami-Dade and Collier counties who saw the region as future suburbia or farmland rather than protected wetland.

Timeline

  1. Royal Palm State Park established

    Florida's first state park was set aside at Paradise Key, protecting a tropical hammock and the spring that fed it. It became the seed of the larger national park idea and survives today as the Royal Palm area, the trailhead for the Anhinga and Gumbo Limbo trails.

    kind:event·Source

  2. Ernest F. Coe forms the park association

    Landscape architect Ernest F. Coe, appalled at the draining of the marsh and the poaching of orchids and plume birds, founded the Tropical Everglades National Park Association and lobbied Congress through the 1930s. The main visitor center carries his name.

    kind:event·Source

  3. Congress authorizes the park

    The act of May 30, 1934 (48 Stat. 816) authorized Everglades National Park, the first national park created to protect a living biological system rather than monumental scenery. The Depression and World War II then delayed land assembly and funding for thirteen years.

    kind:designation·Source

  4. Truman dedicates the park; Douglas publishes River of Grass

    President Harry S. Truman dedicated Everglades National Park at Everglades City on December 6, 1947, in one of the earliest presidential statements of an ecological-restoration ethic. The same year, journalist Marjory Stoneman Douglas published The Everglades: River of Grass, which reframed the marsh from useless swamp to a living river.

    kind:designation·Source

  5. Douglas founds Friends of the Everglades

    At age 79, Marjory Stoneman Douglas founded Friends of the Everglades to fight a proposed jetport in the Big Cypress region north of the park. The campaign she started is one reason Big Cypress became a national preserve rather than a runway.

    kind:event·Source

  6. Expansion act adds the East Everglades

    The Everglades National Park Protection and Expansion Act (Public Law 101-229) added roughly 107,600 acres in the East Everglades, restoring water flow toward Shark River Slough.

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  7. Congress authorizes the Everglades restoration plan

    The Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP), authorized in the Water Resources Development Act of 2000, is a multi-decade, multi-billion-dollar federal and state effort to restore the historic flow of water south through the marsh. It is the largest ecosystem restoration project ever attempted.

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  8. 741,983 visitors; Flamingo Lodge reopens

    Annual visitation was 741,983 in 2024, with December through April accounting for roughly 70 percent of the year. The rebuilt Flamingo Lodge reopened in 2024 after Hurricane Irma destroyed the previous facilities in 2017.

    kind:event·Source